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How to Reset NVRAM/PRAM on Your Mac: A Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Guide

If you're experiencing issues with your Mac—such as problems with display settings, volume control, or startup disk selection—resetting the NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory) or PRAM (Parameter RAM) can often help. This simple troubleshooting step can resolve various glitches and improve overall performance. In this post, we’ll walk you through the process of resetting NVRAM/PRAM and discuss when you might need to do it.

What is NVRAM/PRAM?

NVRAM and PRAM store specific settings that your Mac needs to access quickly. These include:

  • Display resolution

  • Time zone and clock settings

  • Volume settings

  • Startup disk selection

  • Recent kernel panic information

Resetting NVRAM/PRAM can help restore these settings to their defaults, potentially resolving any issues you’re experiencing.

When to Reset NVRAM/PRAM

You might want to consider resetting your NVRAM/PRAM if you notice:

  • Your Mac is not booting properly or experiencing strange startup behavior.

  • Changes to your display settings aren't being saved.

  • The volume controls are unresponsive or not working as expected.

  • Your Mac fails to recognize the correct startup disk.

  • Issues with peripheral devices, like keyboards and mice.

How to Reset NVRAM/PRAM on Your Mac

Follow these steps to reset NVRAM/PRAM:

Step 1: Shut Down Your Mac

Start by completely shutting down your Mac. You can do this by clicking the Apple logo in the top-left corner of your screen and selecting "Shut Down."

Step 2: Turn On Your Mac and Hold the Keys

Once your Mac is off, turn it back on and immediately press and hold the following keys:

  • Command (⌘)

  • Option (⌥)

  • P

  • R

Step 3: Keep Holding the Keys

Continue holding these keys for about 20 seconds. You might hear the startup sound again, or if you have a Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, you might see the Apple logo appear and disappear twice.

Step 4: Release the Keys

After about 20 seconds, release the keys. Your Mac will continue booting normally.

Step 5: Check Your Settings

Once your Mac has restarted, you may need to check and adjust your settings, such as display resolution, time zone, and startup disk selection. You can do this in System Preferences.

Final Thoughts

Resetting NVRAM/PRAM is a simple yet effective troubleshooting step that can resolve a variety of issues on your Mac. If problems persist even after a reset, it may be time to explore other troubleshooting options or seek help from Apple Support.

By following these steps, you’ll hopefully restore your Mac to optimal performance in no time. Have you reset NVRAM/PRAM on your Mac? Share your experience and tips in the comments below!


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